We use cookies or similar technologies to deliver content and analyze usage. You can customize your consent by clicking "Cookie Settings," or you can choose to "Reject All" or "Accept All."
Cookie Settings
We use cookies to improve your experience on our site. By continuing to browse, you agree to our use of cookies.
Strictly Necessary
Strictly Necessary Cookies are essential for the website to function properly. These cookies enable core functionality like security, network management, and accessibility. You cannot opt out of these cookies as they are required for the website to operate.
We use analytics cookies to help us understand how visitors interact with our website, so we can improve your experience. By continuing to use our site, you consent to the use of these cookies.
We use third-party cookies to improve your experience and show you personalized content and ads. By using our site, you agree to the use of these cookies. For more details, please check our Privacy Policy.
Today, it is estimated that more than 100 million adults in the United States are living with diabetes or prediabetes.
Because of the prevalence of diabetes, and because the health consequences of uncontrolled diabetes can be so devastating, you have probably heard of the A1C test. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, you may have periodic A1C tests. But what exactly is the A1C test, and what do the results mean?
Managing diabetes includes routine A1C tests.
What Is the A1C Test?
The A1C test is a simple blood test that is used to diagnose diabetes and to see how well diabetes is being controlled after it has been diagnosed. The test provides your average level of blood glucose (also known as blood sugar) over the past 3 months. The A1C test also goes by other names, including the hemoglobin A1C, glycohemoglobin, HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin, and glycosylated hemoglobin test.
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen to every part of the body. As glucose builds up in the blood, it attaches to hemoglobin. The A1C test measures how much glucose is attached to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. Because red blood cells have a lifespan of about 3 months, your A1C level indicates your average blood glucose level over the past 3 months.
A1C test results are given as a percentage, with higher percentages indicating a higher blood glucose level:
Normal A1C Level: below 5.7 percent
Prediabetes: 5.7 to 6.4 percent
Diabetes: 6.5 percent or higher
For a diagnosis of diabetes, a person must have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate occasions. In certain situations, such as with people with anemia or with individuals of African, Mediterranean, or Southeast Asian descent, a standard A1C test may not be accurate.
For patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes, a common treatment target is an A1C level of 7 percent or less, although a target of 8 percent may be appropriate in certain situations. Keep in mind: A higher A1C level increases your risk of serious diabetes complications, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.
What if I Am Diagnosed with Prediabetes or Diabetes?
If you have prediabetes, you can work with your healthcare professional to make lifestyle changes—such as being more physically active, eating a healthy diet, and losing extra weight—that can help prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. If you have diabetes, your healthcare team will work with you to manage your diabetes so that you can avoid diabetic complications.
Remember: There is no substitute for advice from your healthcare professional. If you have any questions about your A1C test or results, talk to your healthcare professional.
To learn more about our engaging diabetes education materials and models, please visit our Diabetes Section.
